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Excavator Operator Certification Exam Prep · Question

A trench is being excavated in sandy, non-cohesive soil at a depth of 3 metres. According to Canadian safety standards, what is the minimum safe angle of repose (maximum slope) required for the trench walls if no shoring is used?

For sandy, non-cohesive soils, Canadian safety standards typically require a flatter slope for trench walls to prevent collapse. A 1.5:1 slope (meaning 1.5 hori

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Question: A trench is being excavated in sandy, non-cohesive soil at a depth of 3 metres. According to Canadian safety standards, what is the minimum safe angle of repose (maximum slope) required for the trench walls if no shoring is used?

Answer options:

  • A vertical cut (90 degrees)
  • A 1:1 slope (45 degrees) ✅ A 1.5:1 slope (approx. 33.7 degrees)
  • A 2:1 slope (approx. 26.6 degrees)

Correct answer: A 1.5:1 slope (approx. 33.7 degrees)

Explanation: For sandy, non-cohesive soils, Canadian safety standards typically require a flatter slope for trench walls to prevent collapse. A 1.5:1 slope (meaning 1.5 horizontal units for every 1 vertical unit) or approximately 33.7 degrees, is a common minimum requirement for unstable or loose soils when shoring is not used. A 1:1 slope is often for more stable granular soils, while a 2:1 slope is for very unstable or saturated conditions.

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