Canadian Firearms Practice — Question Explanations
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Administered by RCMP Canadian Firearms Program · Canadian Firearms Licence
- Authority
- RCMP Canadian Firearms Program
- Questions
- 50
- Pass mark
- 80%
- Time limit
- 60 min
Independent practice — not affiliated with RCMP Canadian Firearms Program. Always confirm current requirements with the official authority.
Before storing a non-restricted firearm overnight you must:
Non-restricted firearms must be unloaded and either rendered inoperable with a secure locking device or stored in a securely locked container/room.
Ammunition for a stored non-restricted firearm:
Ammunition may be stored with the firearm or separately, but the firearm must still be unloaded and rendered inoperable or in a locked container.
Eye and hearing protection at the range is:
All shooters and bystanders should wear approved eye and hearing protection whenever firearms are being discharged.
When handing a firearm to another person, you should:
Always PROVE the firearm safe, leave the action open, and pass it with the muzzle in the safest direction.
When transporting a non-restricted firearm in a vehicle, it must be:
Non-restricted firearms must be unloaded during transport; locking is recommended but not strictly required for non-restricted in a vehicle attended by the lice
When transporting a restricted firearm in a vehicle, it must be:
Restricted firearms must be unloaded, equipped with a secure locking device, AND locked in an opaque, sturdy container during transport.
If a firearm is dropped, you should:
Stop immediately, point safely, PROVE the firearm safe, and check the firearm and ammunition for damage before continuing.
What does the 'C' in ACTS stand for?
Control the muzzle direction at all times — keep the muzzle pointed in the safest available direction.
The single most important safety rule when handling any firearm is:
Muzzle control is the foundation rule — if the muzzle is always pointed in a safe direction, an accidental discharge cannot injure anyone.
What does the 'T' in ACTS stand for?
Keep the trigger finger off the trigger and out of the trigger guard until ready to shoot.
What does the 'S' in ACTS stand for?
See that the firearm is unloaded — PROVE it safe before handling or passing it.
Which of the following correctly lists the steps of PROVE?
PROVE: Point the firearm in the safest direction; Remove all cartridges; Observe the chamber; Verify the feeding path; Examine the bore for obstructions.
When should you PROVE a firearm safe?
Always PROVE a firearm safe every time you pick it up, hand it to someone, or receive it.
Before crossing a fence or obstacle while hunting alone, you should:
Unload the firearm, open the action, and pass it under or through the fence with the muzzle pointed away before crossing.
What is the safest muzzle direction?
The 'safest direction' is wherever an accidental discharge would do the least damage to people or property.
If your firearm fails to fire (a misfire) at the range, you should:
Keep the muzzle pointed in the safest direction and wait (typically 30–60 seconds) in case of a hangfire before carefully unloading.
What is the primary difference between a misfire and a hangfire?
A misfire means the round fails to fire entirely; a hangfire is a temporary delay in the ignition of the primer or powder.
If you are found in possession of a firearm without a valid licence, you are in violation of:
Unauthorized possession of a firearm is a criminal offence under the Criminal Code of Canada.
Does a PAL holder need to report a firearm if it was lost in another province?
The Firearms Act is federal legislation and applies across all of Canada; losses must be reported regardless of the location.
Which of these is a prohibited device often associated with restricted firearms that cannot be legally poss…
A magazine that has been altered to hold more than the legal limit of rounds (usually 10 for handguns) is considered a prohibited device.
If you are lending a restricted firearm to a person with a valid RPAL, who is responsible for the firearm's…
When a restricted firearm is in a person's possession, the registration certificate for that firearm must be available.
When crossing a fence with a companion, how should the firearms be handled to maintain the ACTS and PROVE s…
To maintain safety (ACTS/PROVE), firearms must be unloaded and one person should manage the firearms while the other crosses to ensure muzzles are always pointe
When transporting a restricted firearm for the purpose of 'change of residence', what is required?
Moving restricted firearms to a new home requires a specific ATT to cover the one-time relocation to the new storage address.
When boardng a small commercial boat with a non-restricted firearm, why is it vital to 'Examine the bore' (…
Debris like mud or water can easily enter the muzzle during boarding; checking the bore ensures there is no obstruction that could cause the barrel to burst.
Which of the following is NOT a component of a standard centrefire rifle cartridge?
Wads are components of shotgun shells, not standard rifle cartridges.
If a magazine is designed to hold 10 rounds of .40 S&W but can physically fit 13 rounds of 9mm, is it legal…
Magazine capacity is determined by the specific cartridge the magazine was designed for. If it holds the legal limit of its intended caliber, incidental capacit
The legal definition of 'careless use' of a firearm includes handling a firearm without:
Careless use involves a 'marked departure' from the standard of care a reasonable person would take to ensure safety.
A Minor's Licence allows the holder to do which of the following activities?
A Minor's Licence does not allow the holder to acquire (own) firearms; it only allows them to borrow non-restricted firearms for activities like hunting or targ
In a semi-automatic handgun, a 'failure to feed' often happens because:
In semi-automatic pistols, a weak grip can prevent the slide from cycling far enough to pick up the next round from the magazine.
A pump-action centrefire rifle has a magazine capacity of:
The 5-round limit generally applies only to semi-automatic centrefire firearms. Manual-action (pump, bolt, lever) long guns are not restricted in capacity.
Borrowing a restricted firearm from a friend requires:
To borrow a restricted firearm, the borrower must have a valid RPAL and must be authorized to transport that specific firearm.
You are in a treestand and need to lower your firearm to the ground. Following safe handling practices, the…
Firearms should be unloaded/PROVEd and lowered muzzle-up so that if the muzzle touches the ground, it does not get plugged with dirt or snow.
Why is 'immediate' reporting of stolen firearms emphasized in Canadian law?
Prompt reporting helps police recovery efforts, prevents illegal use, and clarifies that the owner is no longer in possession.
An Authorization to Transport (ATT) is an authorization that allows a person to move a restricted firearm b…
Standard ATT conditions cover ranges, gunsmiths, borders, and shows, but does not allow transport to a private residence other than your own.
Which method is NOT a legal way to store a non-restricted firearm?
Leaving a firearm unlocked in a drawer is a violation of the storage regulations, as it is neither rendered inoperable nor in a locked container/room.
Under the Criminal Code, a 'replica firearm' is defined as a device that is not an actual firearm but is de…
Replica firearms (devices that look like firearms but are not actually firearms) are classified as prohibited devices in Canada.
Which of the following describes 'Careless Storage'?
Leaving a loaded or unsecured firearm unattended is the definition of careless storage and is illegal.
Before firing a firearm that has been in long-term storage, you should:
Storage grease (cosmoline) or heavy oil must be removed from the bore to prevent dangerous pressure levels when fired.
If you are walking in a group and someone falls, according to the ACTS rules, your first priority regarding…
Controlling the muzzle (Point) is the first rule of ACTS; you must ensure you do not inadvertently point your firearm at the fallen person or yourself.
When transporting a firearm, how should ammunition be handled in relation to the magazine?
A firearm is considered loaded if it has a loaded magazine attached. For transport, firearms must be unloaded.
When leaving a non-restricted firearm in an unattended vehicle, it must be:
Firearms in an unattended vehicle must be unloaded and kept in the trunk (if available) or out of sight with the vehicle locked.
When hunting, what is meant by the 'backstop'?
A safe backstop, such as a steep dirt hill, is necessary to ensure that if a bullet misses or passes through the target, it does not travel to an unsafe area.
Why should you avoid wearing open-toed shoes or low-cut shirts at a range?
Hot brass can cause burns, leading to involuntary movements that could result in an unsafe muzzle direction.
If you are in a field and need to lean a firearm against a tree for a moment, you should first:
Never lean a loaded firearm. It must be PROVEd safe and the action should remain open.
A 'swing-out cylinder' is a feature most commonly found on:
Most modern DA revolvers feature a cylinder that swings out to the side for rapid loading/unloading.
Which of these is a popular black powder substitute?
Pyrodex is one of the most common black powder substitutes designed to be safer and less fouling.
Shotgun shells are measured by 'gauge'. Which of the following is the LARGEST bore diameter?
In gauge measurement, a smaller number indicates a larger bore diameter (except for .410, which is a caliber).
If you are storing restricted firearms in a residence where you are and will be absent for an extended peri…
The regulations for storage apply regardless of whether the owner is currently present in the home, provided the firearms remain secure.
A 'trigger shoe' is different from a 'trigger lock' because a trigger shoe:
A trigger shoe is a performance accessory for target shooting; it is not a safety or locking device and should not be confused with a trigger lock.
Regarding the RPAL, what 'purpose' must an applicant generally declare to acquire a restricted firearm?
In Canada, restricted firearms are generally only acquired for target practice at an approved range or as part of a bona fide gun collection.
When transporting a restricted firearm in a vehicle, you should avoid leaving it unattended for long period…
In vehicles without a separate trunk, the firearm must be kept out of sight in a locked area of the vehicle.
Under what circumstances can a minor be licensed to use restricted firearms?
While rare, a Minor's Licence can be endorsed for restricted firearms specifically for the purpose of organized competitive shooting.
When arriving at a shooting range during a trip, you should only remove your firearms from the vehicle when:
Firearms should remain in their transport cases until they reach the designated safe handling area or the firing line according to range rules.
When showing a firearm to a friend at home, what is the very first thing you should do after picking it up?
The first step of ACTS is 'A' (Assume it's loaded) but the first physical action is 'C' (Control muzzle direction/Point in a safe direction).
Which action type is most commonly found in 'over-under' or 'side-by-side' shotguns?
Over-under and side-by-side shotguns are almost universally break-action designs.
Which document must accompany a restricted firearm when it is being transported to a shooting range?
You must have the registration certificate and your PAL (with appropriate privileges) when transporting restricted firearms.
If you change your primary residence, within how many days must you notify the Chief Firearms Officer?
Under the Firearms Act, you must notify the CFO of a change of address within 30 days.
While on a shooting range, if you hear a 'Stop' or 'Ceasefire' command, what is the immediate 'T' in ACTS a…
In an emergency or ceasefire, ensuring the trigger is not touched is paramount while following the other safety steps.
When transporting a restricted firearm, the container must be:
The regulations require a sturdy, non-transparent locked container for restricted firearms.
Which of the following is a rule regarding firearms and fences/obstacles during a hunt?
Safety requires that the firearm be unloaded and verified safe before navigating any obstacle where a fall might occur.
At a formal range, when can you legally load your firearm?
Loading is only permitted at the firing line after the range been declared 'hot' and the command to fire/load has been given.
What is the legal magazine capacity for a bolt-action centrefire rifle?
Magazine capacity limits generally apply to semi-automatic firearms; bolt-action, pump-action, and lever-action rifles are typically not subject to the 5-round
In Canada, what is the maximum legal magazine capacity for a semi-automatic, centrefire rifle (e.g., a non-…
Under the Criminal Code Regulations, most semi-automatic centrefire rifles are limited to a magazine capacity of 5 rounds of the cartridge the magazine was desi
If you have a 'dry ball' (a projectile loaded without a powder charge), how should it be removed?
A ball puller is designed to screw into the lead ball so it can be manually pulled out the muzzle. Some also use compressed air dischargers.
A prohibition order issued by a judge means the individual:
A prohibition order legally prevents a person from possessing firearms, ammunition, or explosive substances for a set period.
If you possess a restricted firearm, you must be able to produce which document upon request by a peace off…
All restricted and prohibited firearms must be registered and the certificate must be available.
Regarding firearms in a business inventory, how often must a business owner take inventory?
Licensed businesses are subject to strict record-keeping and inventory requirements as part of their business licence conditions.
When storing a high-powered air rifle (exceeding 500 fps and 5.7 joules), which storage regulations must be…
Air rifles that meet the definition of a firearm for licensing purposes must follow the same storage regulations as other non-restricted firearms.
If you suspect a hangfire has occurred, how long should you keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction bef…
The CFSC manual specifically instructs to wait 60 seconds (one minute) to ensure a delayed ignition does not occur while the action is open.
A 'secure locking device' as defined by the regulations must be:
A secure locking device is one that is designed to prevent the firearm from being fired and cannot be easily removed by common tools.
When cleaning a muzzleloader, what is commonly used to neutralize the corrosive salts of black powder?
Black powder residue is salts and acids that attract moisture. Hot soapy water or specific solvents are required to neutralize and remove it.
A semi-automatic firearm is defined as one that:
A semi-automatic fires one round, extracts, and reloads automatically with each individual pull of the trigger.
Which of these is a potential consequence for failing to report a stolen firearm?
Failure to report is a serious offence that can lead to criminal charges, loss of licensing, and prohibition orders.
Failure to report the loss or theft of a firearm is considered:
Failing to report a lost or stolen firearm is a criminal offence under the Criminal Code of Canada.
On a lever-action firearm, where is the magazine typically located?
Most traditional lever-action rifles utilize a tubular magazine running underneath the length of the barrel.
What is the best practice for placing a non-restricted firearm in a gun rack in the back window of a truck?
To prevent theft and public alarm, firearms should generally be kept out of sight when possible, even if not strictly required while the vehicle is attended.
What is 'fouling' in the context of firearms?
Fouling refers to the accumulation of lead, copper, and carbon residue inside the barrel and action from firing.
During the PAL application, an applicant must disclose personal history for the previous:
The standard PAL application asks for life history details (criminal, mental health, relationship status) covering the previous 5 years.
When crossing a steep, slippery creek bed alone, the safest way to handle your firearm is to:
In any hazardous footing situation, the firearm must be unloaded and PROVEd safe to prevent a discharge if you fall.
When hunting migratory birds in Canada, what is the maximum number of shells the shotgun (including the mag…
Federal migratory bird regulations restrict shotguns to a total capacity of 3 shells (usually requiring a plug to be inserted into the magazine).
Under the law, when a non-restricted firearm is stored in a 'locked container' (such as a gun safe), a trig…
For non-restricted firearms, if they are stored in a secure, locked container or room, a secondary locking device (like a trigger lock) is not a legal requireme
What is the result of using a shotshell longer than the chamber length marked on a shotgun?
A shell that is too long will not allow the crimp to open properly, creating a bottleneck that causes dangerous pressure spikes.
Can a person transport a loaded non-restricted firearm in a motor vehicle if they are on a remote logging r…
Under federal law, firearms must be unloaded when in a vehicle; specific provincial hunting regulations may have stricter rules, but federal safety requires the
When clearing a 'stoppage' on the firing line, the muzzle must be:
Whenever handling a firearm, especially during a malfunction, the muzzle must remain pointed downrange/at the backstop.
What is the primary danger of a 'double-action' trigger pull on a handgun?
Double-action triggers are heavier because they both cock and release the hammer, which can lead to 'pulling' the shot off target.
Who is eligible to challenge the CFSC/CRFSC exams without taking the full classroom course?
As of changes in 2015 (Bill C-42), challenging the exam is no longer permitted; all first-time applicants must complete the classroom training.
What is the primary difference between centrefire and rimfire ammunition construction?
Centrefire ammunition has a separate primer cap seated in the center of the case head, whereas rimfire priming is part of the case rim.
In a semi-automatic firearm, the movement of the 'slide' or 'bolt' is powered by:
Semi-automatics use the energy generated by the combustion of gunpowder to cycle the action.
Which of the following is the most appropriate way to transport a non-restricted rifle on a public bus or r…
Common sense and safety dictate that firearms should be unloaded and encased in a manner that does not cause alarm when using public transit (subject to carrier
True or False: You can legally sell a firearm to a person who only has a 'Minor's Possession Licence'.
A Minor's Licence (for people aged 12-17) allows for possession but does not allow the holder to acquire (buy/own) their own firearms.
If you are moving to a new primary residence, the Authorization to Transport (ATT) or PAL conditions must b…
The Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) of the province is responsible for issuing ATTs and approving changes of address for restricted firearm storage.
When transporting a restricted firearm, why is a trigger lock alone insufficient if it's not in a locked co…
Federal regulations for restricted firearms require both a secure locking device AND a locked, opaque container during transport.
What is the status of a 'replica firearm' (a device designed to look like a firearm but cannot discharge a …
Replica firearms are classified as prohibited devices under the Criminal Code because they can be mistaken for real firearms.
If you recover a firearm that you previously reported as lost or stolen, you should:
You must update the authorities so they can remove the firearm's 'stolen' status from the database.
When begins the process of cleaning a firearm, what is the very first step?
Safety is always the first priority. You must ensure the firearm is unloaded using ACTS and PROVE before any maintenance.
Modern ammunition should be kept dry and stored in a:
Ammo should be stored in a cool, dry, and ventilated area to maintain stability and reliability.
Where is the primer located on a rimfire cartridge?
In rimfire ammunition, the priming compound is spun into the hollow rim of the cartridge case.
Possession of a firearm without a valid license is:
Possession of a firearm without a valid license is a criminal offence under Section 91(1) of the Criminal Code.
You are passing a firearm to someone over a stream. In addition to being unloaded and PROVEd safe, the acti…
An open action is the universal visual sign that a firearm is unloaded and cannot be fired.
Which of these is NOT considered 'secure' storage for a firearm?
A magnetic latch is not a lock and is easily opened, making it insecure for firearm storage.
What should you do with a misfired cartridge after waiting the appropriate time and removing it from the fi…
Unfired cartridges are still live explosives and must be disposed of according to range rules or local regulations, usually in a dedicated container.
When an individual passes away, who is the only person legally authorized to handle the firearms prior to f…
The executor has the legal authority to possess the firearms of the estate for a reasonable period while settling the estate, even if the executor does not have
If you are using a magazine designed for a bolt-action rifle in a semi-automatic rifle of the same caliber,…
If a magazine is used in a semi-automatic centrefire rifle, and it was NOT specifically designed for a different type of firearm that allows more rounds, the 5-
Why is 'Hunter Orange' (blaze orange) highly recommended or mandatory in many provinces?
Hunter orange is a man-made color that does not occur naturally in the woods, making it the most visible color to other hunters.
A flintlock ignition system uses which of the following to ignite the powder?
Flintlock actions create sparks by striking flint against a steel plate called the frizzen, which ignites powder in a flash pan.
What is 'fouling' in the context of black powder firearms?
Black powder produces significant solid residue (fouling) which can affect accuracy and make loading difficult if not cleaned regularly.
A device designed to muffle or stop the sound of a firearm is considered a:
Silencers or suppressors are classified as prohibited devices in Canada.
A minor's parent has a PAL. The minor does NOT have a Minor's Licence. Can the minor go into the woods alon…
Without a Minor's Licence, any use of a firearm by a minor requires the 'direct and immediate' supervision of a licensed adult. They cannot be alone with the fi
Can a person with a valid PAL lend a non-restricted rifle to a friend with a valid PAL for a hunting trip?
Lending non-restricted firearms is permitted between licensed individuals.
At what point in the loading process should a muzzleloader be primed (percussion cap or flash pan powder ad…
To prevent accidental discharge, a muzzleloader must only be primed when the shooter is in a safe position and prepared to fire.
What is the minimum age to apply for a Minor's Licence in Canada?
Individuals between the ages of 12 and 17 may apply for a Minor's Licence.
A person with a standard PAL borrows a non-restricted rifle for a week-long trip. What MUST they have in th…
To possess any non-restricted firearm, the individual must have a valid PAL.
Who is responsible for safety on a firing range?
Safety is a collective responsibility; any person who spots an unsafe condition is expected to call for a cease-fire.
Where is the 'chamber' of a typical bolt-action rifle located?
The chamber is the part of the barrel where the cartridge is seated for firing.
Consuming alcohol or drugs before or during handling firearms is:
Never consume alcohol or impairing drugs before or while handling firearms — judgment and motor skills are critical.
The maximum range of a typical centre-fire rifle bullet can exceed:
Centre-fire rifle rounds can travel 3 km or more. Always know your target AND what is beyond it.
A standard hunting bolt-action rifle is generally classified as:
Ordinary long guns (bolt-action / semi-auto rifles and shotguns) are non-restricted unless they meet restricted criteria (barrel <470 mm, etc.) or are prohibite
When transporting a restricted firearm, it must be:
Restricted firearms in transport: unloaded, secured with a trigger lock, in a locked opaque case, and out of sight (e.g., locked trunk).
To possess and acquire firearms in Canada, an individual generally needs a:
Canadians need a valid PAL (or RPAL for restricted) issued by the RCMP Canadian Firearms Program after CFSC/CRFSC training and screening.
Fully automatic firearms in Canada are classified as:
Fully automatic firearms, sawed-off shotguns, and certain handguns/long guns by name or characteristic are prohibited. Possession requires grandfathered status.
The 'A' in ACTS firearms safety stands for:
ACTS: Assume every firearm is loaded. Control the muzzle direction. Trigger finger off and out of trigger guard. See that the firearm is unloaded — PROVE it saf
When PROVE-ing a firearm safe, the 'R' stands for:
PROVE: Point in safest direction; Remove all ammunition; Observe the chamber; Verify the feeding path; Examine the bore.
If a cartridge fails to fire (hangfire), the shooter should:
Treat as a possible hangfire: keep muzzle pointed safely downrange, wait 60 seconds, then carefully open the action and remove the cartridge.
Acceptable storage for a non-restricted firearm in the home:
Non-restricted: unloaded AND either trigger/cable locked, OR stored in a securely locked container/room. Ammunition can be stored separately or in same locked c
Restricted firearms at home must be stored:
Restricted: unloaded + trigger lock + securely locked container/safe/room/vault. Ammunition stored separately or in the same locked container.
In black powder terminology, what does 'FFFg' (Triple F) represent?
Black powder is categorized by its grain size; Fg is coarse, while FFFFg is the finest, typically used for priming pans.
If an individual has lived in Canada for less than five years, what extra requirement is often needed for a…
Applicants who have lived in Canada for less than five years typically must provide a certificate of good conduct from the police of their previous country.
Can a PAL be issued to a person with a prohibition order against them?
A court-ordered prohibition prevents the individual from legally possessing a license or firearms for the duration of the order.
When transporting a restricted firearm in a vehicle, which of the following is a mandatory legal requirement?
Restricted firearms must be unloaded and rendered inoperable by a secure locking device (like a trigger lock) and placed in a locked, opaque container.
When transporting a high-powered air rifle in a vehicle, it must be:
Non-restricted firearms (including licensed air rifles) must be unloaded during transport.
What is the requirement for storing a prohibited firearm?
Prohibited firearms have the same strict storage requirements as restricted firearms (double-layer protection).
If you lose the key to a trigger lock that is currently on a firearm, what is the safest course of action?
If a lock must be removed forcefully, it must be done with extreme care, ensuring the muzzle is always in a safe direction and the firearm was confirmed unloade
What is the correct procedure for checking the barrel for an obstruction after a suspected squib load?
You must PROVE the firearm safe and then look through the bore from the breech end (where possible) or use a cleaning rod to check for obstructions.
Firing a revolver results in a 'flash' of hot gas from which specific area?
Gases escape through the gap between the cylinder and the barrel; shooters must keep fingers away from this area.
If you are transporting a restricted firearm to a gun smith for repair, what is required?
Restricted firearms must be transported unloaded, locked, in a locked container, with valid registration and an Authorization to Transport (ATT).
Under the Firearms Act, how long is a standard Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) valid for before it…
A Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) is valid for a period of five years.
A hunter hears a rustling in the bushes that sounds exactly like a large deer. The hunter should:
Never shoot at sound or movement. You must wait for full visual confirmation of the target.
When transporting a restricted firearm, why must the container be 'opaque'?
Opaque containers prevent the firearm from being identifiable, which reduces the risk of theft and public concern.
A break-action firearm is also commonly referred to as a:
Break-action firearms utilize a hinge pin that allows the barrel to pivot away from the receiver for loading and unloading.
Which of the following is an acceptable alternative to using a trigger lock for storing a non-restricted bo…
An alternative to a trigger lock for most non-restricted firearms is to remove the bolt or bolt carrier so that the firearm is rendered inoperable, as per the r
What is the legal magazine capacity limit for a rimfire (e.g., .22 LR) rifle that is not a handgun?
Magazine capacity limits for rimfire cartridges are generally not restricted for rifles, unless the magazine is also designed for use in a handgun.
Which type of hearing protection is generally considered to provide the best protection against high-decibe…
Doubling up with foam plugs and muffs provides the highest level of Decibel (dB) reduction for indoor or high-volume shooting.
While hunting, if you fall, what should you do immediately after checking yourself for injury?
Falling can jam the muzzle with dirt or snow. You must clear and check the firearm for obstructions to prevent a barrel burst upon the next shot.
What is the function of a 'patch' in muzzleloading rifles using round balls?
A lubricated cloth patch wraps around the lead ball, creating a tight gas seal and allowing the ball to take the spin of the rifling.
Whose consent is required for a minor to apply for a Minor's Licence?
A parent or legal guardian must provide consent for a minor to apply for a Minor's Licence.
If your firearm continuously malfunctions at a public range, what is the best course of action?
Unsafe or unreliable firearms should be removed from the line and repaired by a professional to prevent accidents.
What is the legal maximum magazine capacity for a semi-automatic, centre-fire rifle (unless specifically ex…
Most semi-automatic centre-fire rifles are limited to a magazine capacity of 5 rounds under the Criminal Code regulations.
What information must be provided regarding 'Conjugal Partners' on a PAL application?
Current and former (within 2 years) conjugal partners must be identified, and current partners must sign the application or be notified by the CFO.
What is the primary danger of using incorrect ammunition in an air rifle, such as an oversized lead pellet?
Using incorrect ammunition can lead to barrel damage or obstructions, potentially creating a hazard for the shooter.
What is the function of a 'bore brush' in a cleaning kit?
Bore brushes, typically made of brass or bronze, are used to scrub the interior of the barrel to remove stubborn deposits.
A semi-automatic handgun magazine is generally limited to how many rounds?
The maximum capacity for most semi-automatic handgun magazines in Canada is 10 rounds.
On a semi-automatic handgun, after the last round is fired, the slide technically:
Most modern semi-automatic pistols are designed for the slide to lock open once the magazine is empty.
Which document is required to be carried whenever you are in possession of a restricted firearm?
You must have your license (PAL with RPAL privileges) and the firearm's registration certificate when in possession of a restricted firearm.
An Authorization to Carry (ATC) is technically an exemption to which Act?
The ATC provides the legal authority to possess a restricted firearm in a place other than a dwelling house or approved range, which would otherwise be a violat
What tool should you use to check for a bore obstruction if you cannot see through the barrel?
A cleaning rod can be inserted into the barrel to feel for obstructions if a visual inspection is not possible.
Which entity is responsible for making the final decision on whether to issue or revoke a PAL in a specific…
The Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) of the province or territory has the authority to issue, refuse, or revoke licenses.
You are navigating a thick bush with a partner. How should you 'Control the muzzle' (the 'C' in ACTS)?
Muzzle control means ensuring the 'laser beam' of the barrel never crosses any part of a person's body.
What should you do with your firearm if you must step away from the firing line for a short break?
Never leave a loaded firearm unattended. It must be unloaded and the action left open before you step away.
Which action type requires the shooter to manually cycle a sliding fore-end back and forth to chamber a round?
A pump or slide action uses a movable fore-end connected to the action to cycle the firearm.
Does the 5-round limit for semi-automatic centrefire rifles apply to the M1 Garand rifle?
The M1 Garand is a specific exception in the regulations, allowing its designed 8-round en-bloc clip.
Which of the following is an example of a common rimfire caliber?
The .22 Long Rifle is the most common rimfire caliber; the others are centrefire.
While hunting from a boat, if you must pass a firearm to a person on a high dock, what is the 'P' in PROVE …
'Point the firearm in a safe direction' (and unloading/PROVE) ensures that if the firearm is dropped or bumped during the hand-off, no one is injured.
After a day of shooting in the rain, what should you do immediately upon returning home?
Moisture is the primary cause of rust. Firearms must be dried and re-oiled immediately after exposure to wet conditions.
What occurs when the trigger of a Double Action Only (DAO) revolver is pulled?
Double Action means the trigger performs two actions: cocking the hammer and releasing it.
Which of the following is the only safe propellant to use in a muzzleloader?
Modern smokeless powder generates much higher pressures than black powder and can cause a muzzleloader to explode. Only black powder or approved substitutes (e.
What should you do if the slide or bolt does not fully close when loading a round?
Forcing an action closed can result in a dangerous out-of-battery discharge if a round is improperly seated.
What is the maximum capacity for a magazine designed for a 'restricted' handgun?
Magazines designed for handguns (which are restricted or prohibited) are limited to 10 rounds.
If a non-restricted firearm is being 'displayed' on a wall in a home, the law requires it to be:
For display of non-restricted firearms, they must be unloaded, rendered inoperable by a trigger lock/cable lock, and securely attached to a permanent part of th
How should you clean the 'face' of a revolver cylinder?
Carbon buildup on the cylinder face can interfere with the rotation of the cylinder and should be cleaned with proper solvents and brushes.
What is the maximum amount of time a restricted firearm may be left unattended in a locked vehicle while in…
If a vehicle is equipped with a trunk or similar compartment, the restricted firearm must be in that locked compartment; if not, it must be out of sight and the
Persistent 'ringing' in the ears after shooting is usually a sign of:
Ringing (tinnitus) is a clear symptom of acoustic trauma and signifies that hearing protection was inadequate or not used.
When matching ammunition to a firearm, which of the following is TRUE?
Ammunition must exactly match the firearm's data stamp; similar names do not guarantee compatibility.
Lead shot is sometimes legally replaced by non-toxic shot (like steel) primarily because:
Non-toxic shot is mandated in many areas (especially for waterfowl) to prevent lead poisoning in the ecosystem.
Which of the following describes 'direct and immediate supervision' when a minor is using a firearm?
Direct and immediate supervision means the licensed adult must be close enough to physically intervene or take control of the firearm if necessary.
What information should you have ready when calling the Canadian Firearms Program to report a missing firearm?
To effectively report the loss, you must provide your license info, the firearm's details, and the police reference number.
Information regarding the caliber or gauge of a cartridge is usually found on the:
The headstamp is the information stamped into the base of the cartridge case.
To apply for an ATC for wilderness protection, an applicant must generally demonstrate that they are profic…
Applicants must demonstrate proficiency and undergo training specifically for the restricted firearm they are authorized to carry.
If you are handed a firearm and the action is closed, what must you do before you even look at the action?
While 'A' is the mindset, keeping your finger off the trigger ('T' in ACTS) is the critical physical step to prevent discharge before you can PROVE it safe.
Can a person with a standard PAL/RPAL carry a handgun in a holster while hiking for fun in a National Park?
Recreational carry of handguns/restricted firearms is not permitted in Canada; an ATC is for specific professional or survival needs.
A person convicted of careless use or storage of a firearm may face a maximum prison term for a first offen…
Careless use or storage of a firearm is a hybrid offence; if prosecuted by indictment, it carries a maximum penalty of 2 years for a first offence.
A pellet gun with a muzzle velocity of 400 fps and 4.0 joules of energy is used for target practice. Does t…
Air guns that do not exceed the combined velocity/energy threshold are not 'firearms' for the purposes of licensing and do not require a PAL.
When a restricted firearm is stored in a safe or vault, does it need an additional trigger lock?
A vault, safe, or room built for firearms storage does not require additional locks on individual restricted firearms.
Which of these black powder types is the coarsest and typically used for large-bore cannons or shotguns?
The fewer the 'f's, the larger the grain. Fg is the coarsest, while FFFFg is the finest.
A red flag or red light at a range typically signifies:
Standard range protocol uses a red flag or light to signal that the range is active and firing may occur.
A 'stovepipe' malfunction is characterized by:
A stovepipe (or failure to eject) occurs when the spent casing is trapped by the bolt or slide before it can exit the firearm.
Why should you never load a muzzleloader directly from a large powder horn or flask?
Using a separate 'powder measure' prevents a hangfire or hot spark in the barrel from igniting the entire main supply of powder in the flask/horn.
When using a cleaning rod, you should ensure that:
Using a rod that is too large or too flexible/wrongly sized can damage the rifling or the crown of the barrel.
A 'Secure Locking Device' for storage and transport must be:
A secure locking device is a device that can only be opened with a key or combination and prevents the firearm from being discharged.
What is the primary danger of using a smokeless powder in a muzzleloader designed for black powder?
Smokeless powder burns much faster and creates pressure levels that exceed the structural design of black powder barrels.
When storing a restricted firearm, in addition to being unloaded, it MUST be:
Restricted firearms require both a secure locking device AND a locked container/room/safe if not in a vault.
When a business sells a firearm, they must obtain a transfer authorization number from:
The Registrar (via the Canadian Firearms Program) issues the reference or authorization numbers for transfers.
When retrieving a firearm from a locked gun safe, when does the ACTS/PROVE process begin?
The safety rules (ACTS/PROVE) apply the moment you take control of any firearm, regardless of where it was stored.
Who has the authority to inspect the storage of firearms in a private dwelling, and under what general cond…
Firearms inspectors may conduct inspections of storage, but they must provide reasonable notice (usually 24 hours) and enter at a reasonable time.
Regarding the transportation of ammunition, which of the following statements is true for a licensed indivi…
While the firearm itself must be unloaded, ammunition may be transported in the same container as the firearm provided the container is locked (for restricted)
When an ATC holder is not actively engaged in the authorized activity, how must the restricted firearm be h…
When not in use for the authorized purpose, the firearm must be stored legally (unloaded, locked, in a secure container/room).
What is the maximum capacity of a magazine designed for a semi-automatic, centre-fire handgun in Canada?
Magazines designed for semi-automatic handguns are generally limited to 10 rounds.
What happens if a minor with a licence violates the Firearms Act?
The Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) has the authority to revoke a Minor's Licence for safety violations or failure to comply with regulations.
When placing a firearm in a vehicle rack, which part of ACTS ensures the firearm does not discharge if a bu…
All ACTS/PROVE steps together ensure the firearm is unloaded and safe for transport, preventing accidental discharge.
Which of the following conditions must be met to store a restricted firearm in a vault or safe without an a…
Under the Storage, Display, Transportation and Handling of Firearms by Individuals Regulations, restricted firearms may be stored in a safe, vault, or room that
What is the primary reason for wearing eye protection while shooting?
Eye protection is designed to shield the eyes from mechanical hazards such as hot brass, carbon debris, or rare mechanical failures.
When transporting a restricted firearm, the ammunition must:
For safety and to comply with transport regulations, restricted firearms must be unloaded and the ammunition should be kept separate from the locked container.
A restricted firearm must be transported in a container that is:
The container must be opaque (cannot see through it) and sturdy and securely constructed so it cannot be easily opened or broken into.
Is it legal to transport a non-restricted rifle on a public transit bus in most Canadian jurisdictions?
While specific municipal bylaws or transit policies may vary, legally it must be unloaded, encased, and out of sight (not 'alarming' the public).
To load a break-action firearm, you must:
Break-actions are loaded by rotating the barrel away from the standing breech/receiver.
After cleaning a firearm with solvents, what should be the final step for the bore?
A light coat of oil protects against rust, but the bore should be checked and dried before the next time it is fired.
Which action type might require a cable lock instead of a traditional clamshell trigger lock due to its des…
Lever actions or firearms with unconventional trigger guards may not accommodate standard clamshell locks well, making a cable lock through the action a more se
Modifying a semi-automatic firearm so it can fire in a fully automatic fashion is:
Altering a firearm to be capable of fully automatic fire creates a Prohibited firearm and is a serious criminal offence.
What should you do before the first shot of the day with a muzzleloader?
Firing a percussion cap on an empty chamber helps dry out any oil or moisture in the ignition channel to ensure reliable ignition.
If you are leaving a non-restricted firearm in an unattended vehicle, where must it be placed according to …
If a vehicle is unattended, non-restricted firearms must be in a locked trunk or similar compartment, or if the vehicle lacks one, they must be out of sight and
Ammunition being transported in a vehicle should be:
Ammunition must be separate from the firearm (unloaded). While it can be in the same case as a restricted firearm, it is safer to transport it separately.
A firearm that can be folded or telescoped to a length of less than 660 mm is generally classified as:
Centre-fire semi-automatics that can be reduced to less than 660 mm in length are restricted.
Which of the following is a symptom of a 'squib load'?
A squib load occurs when there is insufficient power to propel the bullet out of the barrel, often resulting in a faint 'pop' and very little recoil.
Can a minor with a Minor's Licence purchase ammunition?
Standard Minor's Licence holders are permitted to purchase ammunition unless a specific condition on the licence prohibits it.
Which of these is a requirement for a 'Prohibited' firearm licence (grandfathering)?
Grandfathering usually requires that the individual was legally in possession of the firearm at the time the new legislation came into effect.
A 'deactivated firearm' that has been rendered permanently inoperable is:
A firearm that has been deactivated according to RCMP standards is no longer legally a firearm and requires no licence to possess.
When using a tree stand, how should a firearm be brought up into the stand?
To prevent accidental discharge or dropping the firearm during a climb, it should be hoisted up unloaded using a rope only after the hunter is secure.
What must happen if a restricted firearm is lost or stolen?
The Firearms Act requires the immediate reporting of the loss or theft of any firearm to the police and the CFO.
Regarding a bolt-action rifle, what is the 'extractor' used for?
The extractor is a hook-like device on the bolt head that grips the rim of the cartridge to pull it out of the chamber.
What is the minimum age to be issued a Minor’s Licence, which allows the use of air rifles (firearms) under…
The minimum age to apply for a Minor's Licence in Canada is 12 years old.
When stopping for a meal at a restaurant while transporting firearms, where should the firearms be kept?
Regulations allow firearms to be left in an unattended vehicle if it is locked and firearms are out of sight (in a trunk or locked compartment if possible).
When applying a trigger lock to a pump-action shotgun for storage, the action should ideally be:
To apply most trigger locks, the action must be closed. Before doing this, you must PROVE the firearm safe to ensure no ammunition is present.
When transferring a restricted firearm between two individuals, who must contact the Canadian Firearms Prog…
The transferor (the person giving or selling the firearm) must generally initiate the transfer of a restricted firearm by contacting the CFP.
Under what circumstance can a Restricted firearm be used for hunting in Canada?
Generally, restricted firearms can only be used at approved shooting ranges and are not permitted for hunting in Canada.
What happens to the registration certificate of a restricted firearm during a transfer of ownership?
Once the transfer is approved and completed, the Registrar issues a new registration certificate in the name of the new owner.
A child under the age of 12 may only use a firearm if:
Children under 12 do not get a licence but may use a firearm if they are under the direct and immediate supervision of an adult who is legally authorized to pos
How should hunters maintain their zones of fire when terrain or forest density changes?
Whenever visibility or terrain changes, hunters must communicate to re-establish their relative positions and safe zones of fire.
Using a firearm to threaten the safety of others, even in a 'joking' manner, constitutes:
Threatening people with a firearm is a serious criminal act that can lead to several charges including uttering threats and careless use.
Which handgun part is responsible for the 'E' in PROVE (Examine the bore)?
Examining the bore involves checking the inside of the barrel for obstructions.
What specific risk is associated with firing a firearm that has a small amount of water or heavy mud in the…
Any obstruction, including water, mud, or snow, can cause a massive pressure spike that can destroy the barrel and cause injury.
If you hear a command to 'Commence Firing' but notice someone still downrange, you must:
Regardless of who gave the command to fire, if a hazard (like a person downrange) exists, you must call a cease-fire.
After reporting a firearm as stolen to the police, what is the next mandatory step?
You must notify both the police and the Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) through the Canadian Firearms Program.
Which action type is technically a 'repeating firearm'?
A repeater is any firearm capable of holding more than one cartridge and firing them in succession without manually reloading the magazine/chamber.
How is 'gauge' historically determined for shotguns?
Gauge is defined as the number of pure lead balls of that diameter required to make one pound.
A handgun that has been modified to shoot in a fully automatic manner is:
Any firearm capable of fully automatic fire, whether originally manufactured that way or modified, is prohibited.
When storing firearms in a home where children live, what is the best practice?
Legal storage (unloaded, locked) combined with safety education is the most effective way to prevent accidents in homes with children.
The capacity of a magazine is determined by:
Capacity is the maximum number of cartridges the magazine can physically hold as it was manufactured or permanently modified.
Which of the following is considered a 'prohibited device' regarding magazine capacity?
Most center-fire semi-automatic rifle magazines are limited to 5 rounds. Exceeding this makes the magazine a prohibited device.
If you experience a squib load, what is the most dangerous mistake you can make?
Because a squib load often leaves a bullet lodged in the barrel, firing a second round behind it will cause a catastrophic barrel failure or explosion.
When a restricted firearm is sold or transferred between two individuals, who must contact the CFO to start…
Both parties must participate in the transfer process to ensure the buyer has the correct licence and the firearm is registered properly.
If you are hunting and see a legal game animal standing on the crest of a hill (sky-lined), why is it unsaf…
Shooting at a sky-lined animal is dangerous because the hunter cannot see what is on the other side of the hill, and there is no backstop to catch the bullet.
Which type of firearm action is most commonly authorized for an ATC in an armored car role?
Double-action revolvers and semi-automatic pistols are the standard restricted firearms authorized for professional security carry.
Providing a false statement on a PAL application can result in:
Making a false statement on a firearms application is a criminal offence that can lead to prosecution and license revocation.
A 'Restricted' firearm classification is most often based on which characteristic?
Restricted status is primarily determined by barrel length (handguns) or specific designations by name/make in the regulations.
Which document must always be with you when you are in possession of a restricted firearm away from your home?
You must possess both your PAL and the Registration Certificate for any restricted firearm you are transporting or using.
Does an Authorization to Carry (ATC) allow the holder to carry a firearm concealed?
While many professional ATCs (like armored guards) carry openly, the CFO specifies the manner of carry (concealed or open) on the authorization.
Under the Criminal Code of Canada, pointing a firearm at another person, whether it is loaded or unloaded, is:
Pointed a firearm at another person is a serious criminal offence regardless of whether the firearm is loaded or the status of the safety.
Which of these is NOT a legal requirement for transporting a non-restricted firearm during a day-trip (vehi…
Non-restricted firearms must be unloaded during transport, but they do not legally require a locked case or trigger lock while the vehicle is 'attended' (unlike
If someone next to you is acting unsafely at the range, your first priority is to:
Your immediate responsibility is safety; address the hazard or involve the RSO immediately.
If your home is broken into and your firearm safe is stolen, what is your primary responsibility?
Immediate reporting to police and the CFO is the mandatory legal requirement for any stolen firearm.
According to the Criminal Code, 'Careless Use' of a firearm applies to:
Careless use, storage, or transport charges can apply to any firearm in any context if safety is disregarded.
To possess a restricted firearm in Canada, an individual must have which type of licence?
A PAL with restricted privileges (RPAL) is the current standard for acquiring and possessing restricted firearms.
If a non-restricted firearm is lost in a deep lake while hunting, must it be reported?
The loss of any firearm, regardless of its classification or the likelihood of recovery, must be reported to the authorities.
A firearm capable of discharging more than one projectile for one pressure of the trigger is classified as:
Fully automatic firearms are classified as prohibited devices.
In addition to a trigger lock, what must be locked for the legal transport of a restricted handgun?
Transportation of a restricted firearm requires both a secure locking device on the firearm AND the container itself must be securely locked.
How are magazines for rimfire rifles (like the .22 Long Rifle) regulated in terms of capacity?
Magazines designed for rimfire rifles (not handguns) currently have no capacity limit under federal law.
If you are unsure of the range rules at a new facility, you should:
Every range can have unique local rules (e.g., caliber restrictions). Always check the posted rules or consult the RSO.
Which of the following is a specific safety concern when using a tubular magazine on a lever-action rifle?
In a tube magazine, cartridges are stacked nose-to-tail; recoil can cause a pointed bullet to strike the primer of the next round.
Single-action (SA) revolvers differ from Double-action (DA) revolvers because:
A single-action revolver trigger only performs one action: releasing the hammer. The hammer must be cocked manually beforehand.
What is the primary purpose of a 'secure locking device' during the transportation of a restricted firearm?
A secure locking device, such as a trigger or cable lock, is intended to prevent the firearm from being discharged.
A muzzle-loading firearm that uses black powder is generally classified as:
Modern muzzle-loaders are typically non-restricted firearms. While some antique muzzle-loaders are exempt, most modern versions require a PAL.
If a minor (Minor's License holder) loses a borrowed firearm, who is responsible for reporting it?
Both the person in possession and the legal owner have an interest and responsibility to ensure the loss is reported to the authorities.
For a restricted firearm to be properly 'inoperable' for storage, what is required?
Rendering a restricted firearm inoperable typically requires a secure locking device like a trigger lock.
Is a centrefire belt-fed firearm subject to the 5-round magazine limit?
A belt is legally considered a magazine and is generally subject to the 5-round limit for centrefire semi-automatics, with specific exceptions for historic belt
Which of the following represents a CO2 powered air gun's power source?
CO2 air guns use small pressurized cylinders of carbon dioxide to propel the projectile.
What should you do if a bird or animal flies/runs into your hunting partner's zone of fire?
You must never swing your firearm or fire into another person's zone of fire, even if it means losing the opportunity to take a shot.
An Authorization to Carry (ATC) for protection from wildlife is generally only issued to individuals who ca…
An ATC for wilderness protection is restricted to individuals whose legal occupation requires them to be in remote areas where they face a credible threat from
What is the relationship between the CFSC and CRFSC for an applicant wanting an RPAL?
The Canadian Firearms Safety Course (non-restricted) is a prerequisite for the Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course.
When checking a magazine for capacity, where should you look for permanent alterations (pins)?
Capacity-limiting pins must be permanent (e.g., a rivet) and are usually found on the magazine body or base.
Why is it recommended to clean a rifle or shotgun barrel from the breech (rear) end whenever possible?
Cleaning from the breech protects the muzzle's crown; damage to the crown can severely impact the firearm's accuracy.
What is the purpose of the 'ejector' in a firearm's action?
The extractor pulls the case out of the chamber; the ejector then flips or pushes it out of the receiver.
A person who 'brandishes' a firearm in a public place in a way that is dangerous to the public peace is com…
Possession of a weapon for a purpose dangerous to the public peace is a serious criminal offence under the Criminal Code.
If a person is served with a 'Prohibition Order' by a court, which of the following is true?
A Prohibition Order typically bans the possession of firearms, ammunition, and explosives for a set period as determined by the court.
Before placing any firearm into a vehicle for transport, you must first:
The most critical step before transport is ensuring the firearm is completely unloaded.
A 'break-action' air rifle is cocked by:
Break-action air rifles use the barrel itself as a lever to compress a spring or piston.
Why is it important to ensure a firearm's stock fits a minor properly?
Proper fit ensures the minor can reach the trigger safely and maintain a secure grip, reducing the risk of dropping the firearm or being injured by recoil.
During transportation, a 'secure locking device' on a firearm refers to:
A secure locking device is specifically designed to prevent the discharge of the firearm.
When teaching a child about firearm safety, what is the first rule they should learn if they find a firearm?
The fundamental safety message for children who possess no training is to stop, not touch the firearm, and notify an adult immediately.
Common 'Airsoft' guns that shoot plastic BBs at low velocities are generally classified as:
Most common Airsoft guns fall below the velocity/power threshold and are not classified as firearms under the Firearms Act, unless they are replicas of existing
For restricted firearms, the container used for transportation must be:
The container for restricted firearms must be opaque (cannot see the contents) and securely locked.
What should you do if you suspect a bore obstruction while at the range?
If an obstruction is suspected, point the muzzle in a safe direction, ensure the firearm is unloaded, then visually inspect the bore from the breech (if possibl
Individuals authorized to carry restricted firearms for their occupation must also ensure the firearm is:
All restricted firearms in Canada must be registered; the ATC holder must carry the registration certificate.
On a semi-automatic handgun, what is the part that moves back and forth to chamber rounds?
The slide cycles to eject spent casings and strip new rounds from the magazine.
If you inherit a non-restricted firearm and do not currently have a valid PAL, what must you do to legally …
To legally possess an inherited firearm, the beneficiary must possess a valid Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) or transfer the firearm to someone who do
When transporting a non-restricted firearm in an unattended vehicle, the firearm must be in a locked trunk …
According to the Storage, Display, Transportation and Handling of Firearms by Individuals Regulations, if a vehicle does not have a trunk, the non-restricted fi
Which of these is NOT typically a requirement for an ATC application?
While a criminal record check is performed, a standard clean driving record (for traffic tickets) is not an ATC-specific requirement.
What happens if a PAL holder changes their residential address?
Licence holders are legally required to notify the Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) of a change of address within 30 days.
When reporting a stolen restricted firearm, which of the following information is the most critical for the…
Unique identifiers like the serial number and registration certificate number are critical for police to trace and recover specific restricted firearms.
What is 'clogged action' usually caused by?
Debris and old lubricants can gum up an action, causing failures to feed, fire, or extract.
Which of the following is an example of an 'authorized' transport destination for a restricted firearm once…
Restricted firearms may only be transported to approved locations such as shooting ranges, gun smiths, gun shows, or border crossings.
Under what condition would an individual typically be granted an ATC for personal protection against other …
ATC for protection of life is extremely rare and requires proof that an individual is in a life-threatening situation where police cannot provide protection.
Which of the following describes a 'pierced primer'?
A pierced primer allows high-pressure gases to escape rearward toward the shooter, often indicating a mechanical issue or excessive pressure.
An ATC issued for wilderness protection is usually restricted to specific:
ATCs are generally limited to the specific geographical area where the individual's employment or livelihood necessitates the carry.
Which of the following is required to transfer a prohibited firearm to an heir?
Inheriting prohibited firearms (like 12.6 handguns) usually requires the heir to already possess the required designation on their licence.
Is an ATC valid across all of Canada automatically?
ATCs are issued by provincial CFOs and are usually specific to the jurisdictions where the need for the carry exists.
A firearm is considered 'unloaded' for transportation purposes only when:
A firearm is only unloaded if all ammunition is removed from the chamber and any magazine attached to or inserted into the firearm.
If your PAL (license card) is lost or stolen, you must:
A lost or stolen PAL card must be reported to the CFO so the old card can be cancelled and a new one issued.
Which of these is a primary goal of the Canadian Firearms Safety Course?
The core objective of the CFSC/CRFSC is to reduce firearm-related incidents by teaching safety and legal responsibility.
When transporting a restricted firearm in a vehicle, if the vehicle does NOT have a trunk, where should the…
If no trunk exists, the locked container must be kept out of sight and the vehicle must be locked.
Why is it dangerous to immediately open the bolt after a failure to fire occurs?
If it is a hangfire, the primer could ignite a second or two after the strike; if the bolt is open, the casing will explode without the support of the chamber.
When storing a restricted firearm, it must be unloaded and rendered inoperable by a secure locking device AND:
Restricted firearms require both a secure locking device (like a trigger lock) and must be kept in a securely constructed locked container or room.
Which of the following professionals is most likely eligible to apply for an ATC for the protection of life?
Armored car guards are one of the primary groups eligible for an ATC for the protection of life as part of their lawful employment.
Which of the following is a symptom of a 'bore obstruction'?
A muffled report and weak recoil often indicate a squib load, where the bullet is stuck in the bore, causing an obstruction.
If a peace officer asks to see your PAL and your registration certificate for a restricted firearm, you must:
The Firearms Act requires owners to produce their license and registration certificates upon request by a peace officer.
Before anyone moves downrange of the firing line, all firearms must be:
Firearms must be made safe (ACTS/PROVE) and remain untouched on the bench while people are forward of the firing line.
An ATC authorized for 'Protection of Life' implies that:
An ATC does not grant police powers; it only authorizes the carriage of a firearm for self-preservation as a last resort.
If a PAL holder loses their licence card, can they still borrow a firearm?
Firearms legislation requires the user to be able to produce their licence upon request of a peace officer; therefore, the physical card must be present.
Which component is used to ignite the powder charge in a 'caplock' or percussion muzzleloader?
Percussion muzzleloaders use a small copper cap containing a sensitive explosive that ignites when struck by the hammer.
What happens if a beneficiary of a restricted firearm inheritance fails to qualify for an RPAL?
If the beneficiary cannot get the proper licensing, the estate must dispose of the firearm lawfully, which includes sale, deactivation, or export.
A lever-action centrefire rifle with a tubular magazine has which capacity limit?
Manual-action rifles, including lever-actions with tubular magazines, do not have a prescribed capacity limit.
Why is it important to wash your hands after a range session?
Shooting exposes the user to lead residue; washing hands before eating or drinking is vital for long-term health.
For a wilderness ATC, the applicant must often provide a 'letter of support' from:
The applicant must prove the necessity of the firearm through professional documentation from their employer or company.
How many personal references are required for a first-time standard PAL application?
A standard PAL application requires two references who have known the applicant for at least three years to attest to their character.
During a 'ceasefire' at the range, the 'V' in PROVE (Verify feed path) is often visually confirmed by a Ran…
Verifying the feed path ensures that even if the chamber is empty, there are no shells in the magazine that could be cycled into the chamber.
What is the maximum number of rounds typically permitted in a semi-automatic centrefire rifle magazine in C…
Under the Criminal Code regulations, most semi-automatic centrefire rifle magazines are limited to 5 rounds.
Which document is required in addition to an RPAL and the firearm registration certificate to legally carry…
Possessing a restricted firearm in the wilderness for protection requires a specific Authorization to Carry (ATC).
Which of the following describes the legal status of a crossbow that is longer than 500 mm and requires two…
Standard long crossbows (intended to be fired with two hands) are generally exempt from the licensing and registration requirements of the Firearms Act, though
A combination-style trigger lock is often preferred over a keyed lock because:
Combination locks eliminate the risk of being unable to access or secure the firearm due to a misplaced key.
Which of the following is considered a 'prohibited device' in Canada?
A magazine that exceeds the legal capacity limits and has not been permanently altered to the limit is classified as a prohibited device.
Can a person with a standard PAL acquire a handgun that was manufactured to be a replica?
Devices designed to look like a firearm with near precision (replicas) are prohibited; they are not the same as restricted handguns.
Which authority is responsible for the administration of the Firearms Act and the Canadian Firearms Program?
The RCMP, through the Commissioner of Firearms, administers the Firearms Act and the Canadian Firearms Program (CFP).
If you are gifting a firearm to an immediate family member, do you still need to verify their PAL?
The law does not distinguish between family and friends regarding the requirement to verify a PAL during a transfer.
Specific to some rural areas, a Minor's Licence may be issued to someone under 12 in what rare case?
Provisions exist in the Firearms Act to allow minors under 12 to hold a licence specifically for sustenance hunting, where the firearm is necessary for the fami
What is a 'double feed' malfunction?
Double feeding occurs when the firearm attempts to chamber a new round while a round or casing is already in the chamber or path.
If you are staying overnight in a hotel while traveling with a restricted firearm, how must it be stored?
When not in transit, restricted firearms must be stored according to the same regulations as at home: unloaded, with a secure locking device, in a locked contai
True or False: You can report a stolen firearm through the Canadian Firearms Program website or by phone.
The Canadian Firearms Program (CFP) facilitates reporting through their toll-free line and administrative processes.
A minor's licence (for individuals between 12 and 17 years old) permits the holder to:
A minor's licence allows the holder to borrow a non-restricted firearm; they cannot 'acquire' (own) firearms until they are 18 and have a PAL.
Which of these magazines is limited to only 5 rounds?
Semi-auto centrefire rifles = 5. Handguns = 10. Manual long guns/most rimfire rifles = usually no limit.
Which of the following is most likely to cause a bore obstruction during a hunt?
Muzzles can easily pick up debris like snow, mud, or twigs while a hunter is navigating difficult terrain.
A magazine containing cartridges is placed in the same case as a handgun. Is this legal if the magazine is …
As long as the magazine is not attached to or inserted into the firearm, the firearm is considered unloaded.
When moving a firearm from your vehicle into the range building, it should be:
All firearms must be transported unloaded and should be cased when moving between vehicles and the firing line for safety and public optics.
A magazine designed for the Ruger 10/22 rifle that also fits the Ruger 22 Charger handgun is limited to how…
Since the RCMP determined that certain rimfire magazines are designed for handguns (like the Charger), they are limited to 10 rounds, despite being commonly use
Can you leave ammunition in the magazine of a non-restricted firearm during transport?
Firearms must be unloaded during transport. A firearm is considered loaded if there is an unexpended cartridge in the chamber or the magazine (if the magazine i
To obtain a Minor's Licence, what requirement must be met regarding firearms safety training?
Minors must successfully complete the CFSC and pass the tests to be eligible for a Minor's Licence.
The AR-15 rifle platform is currently classified in Canada as:
As of the May 2020 Order in Council, the AR-15 and its variants were reclassified as prohibited.
When loading a muzzleloader, what is the purpose of the 'marking' on the ramrod?
An air gap between the powder and projectile can cause the barrel to burst. Marking the ramrod ensures the shooter knows the projectile is fully seated.
Before handing a firearm to a person who is unfamiliar with that specific model, you should:
Safety is a shared responsibility; demonstrating the firearm is clear (PROVE) ensures both parties know it is safe.
Which of the following is the most common reason for hunting-related shooting accidents?
Failure to properly identify the target and what lies beyond is a leading cause of hunting accidents.
What is the maximum duration/validity typically of an Authorization to Carry (ATC)?
An ATC is a temporary authorization that must be periodically renewed, usually every two years or less.
What is the legal limit for magazine capacity for a handgun?
In Canada, handgun magazines are generally limited to a maximum capacity of 10 rounds.
When hunting in a group of three people walking in a line, what is the safe zone of fire for the person in …
When three people walk abreast, the person in the middle must only fire straight ahead to avoid hitting the partners on either side.
During a 'Cease-fire' command at a range, what is the first action a shooter must take?
Safety procedure dictates that upon a cease-fire, you must immediately control the muzzle in a safe direction and ensure the trigger is clear while awaiting fur
Upon removing a misfired cartridge after waiting 60 seconds, what should you look for on the cartridge?
Checking for a firing pin strike helps determine if the malfunction was caused by the ammunition (the 'dud') or a weak firing pin hit (firearm issue).
How long is a standard PAL/RPAL card carry valid for before it must be renewed?
A Canadian Firearms License (PAL) is valid for 5 years and must be renewed by the holder.
A 'dud' or misfire in a rimfire firearm is often caused by what?
Rimfire priming compound is spun into the rim; if it is not distributed evenly, the firing pin may strike a 'dead' spot.
When transporting a non-restricted firearm in a vehicle that does not have a trunk, what is a legal require…
If the vehicle has no trunk, the firearm must be out of sight and the vehicle must be locked.
When an air rifle is not in use, should it be left cocked and under tension?
Air rifles should be stored uncocked and unloaded for safety and to preserve the mechanical components.
If a muzzleloader fails to fire after the cap is struck, how long should you wait before investigating?
Per standard safety protocols for a hangfire, wait at least 60 seconds while keeping the muzzle pointed in a safe direction.
Which of the following is a legal requirement for storing a restricted firearm?
Restricted firearms require a double-layer of security: they must be unloaded, locked with a device (like a trigger lock), and placed in a locked container/room
An Authorization to Carry (ATC) is typically issued by:
The Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) has the authority to issue, refuse, or revoke an ATC.
What is the primary purpose of the Minor's Licence?
The Minor's Licence allows the holder to possess/borrow a non-restricted firearm for specific activities (hunting/competition) without an adult needing to be 'a
When transporting a restricted firearm in a vehicle, which of the following is an additional requirement be…
Restricted firearms must be unloaded, rendered inoperable by a secure locking device, and placed in a locked, sturdy, opaque container.
In the context of safe hunting, 'self-control' means:
Self-control is the discipline to pass up a shot if the target is not clear, the backstop is poor, or a partner is too close to the zone of fire.
If you are involved in a domestic dispute, the police have the authority to:
Police have the authority to seize firearms in situations where they believe it is not in the interest of safety for the person to possess them, such as domesti
What is the correct procedure if you cannot find a data stamp on a firearm's barrel?
If the caliber is not clearly marked, a gunsmith must determine the correct ammunition to ensure safety.
To give a non-restricted firearm as a gift to a friend, what minimum requirement must be met before handing…
Under Canadian law, you cannot transfer (including gifting) a firearm unless you verify that the transferee holds a valid licence for that class of firearm.
Which of the following describes the 'Continuous Eligibility' principle under the Firearms Act?
Continuous eligibility means that PAL holders are monitored daily via the CPIC system, and any reported incident may trigger a review of their license status.
Which of these is the ONLY shotgun 'gauge' that is actually measured in caliber (fractions of an inch)?
The .410 is a caliber (bore diameter of .410 inches), but it is commonly used in shotgunning alongside gauge-measured firearms.
Before putting a trigger lock on a firearm for long-term storage, you should:
The most critical step before any storage or maintenance is to ensure the firearm is completely unloaded and safe.
A 'cleaning patch' that comes out of the barrel with a green or blue tint generally indicates the presence of:
Many copper solvents react with copper fouling from jacketed bullets, turning the patch blue or green.
Which specific legal document outlines the reporting requirements for lost or stolen firearms in Canada?
The Firearms Act and its associated regulations dictate the legal responsibilities for licensing, registration, and reporting of lost/stolen firearms.
When carrying a firearm in the woods with others, which carry position offers the best muzzle control?
The two-hand or 'ready' carry provides the best control and allows the hunter to quickly adjust the muzzle direction safely.
If an air rifle is used to commit a crime, how is it categorized under the Criminal Code?
Regardless of its velocity or power, if an air gun is used in the commission of a crime, it is treated as a firearm under the Criminal Code.
Where should your firearm be pointed while you are uncasing it at the range bench?
The 'safe direction' at a range is always downrange toward the impact area (backstop).
Which of the following is a common projectile for an air rifle?
The 'diabolo' (waisted) pellet is the most common shape for air gun ammunition.
What is the primary danger of failing to use a trigger lock on a non-restricted firearm stored in an unlock…
The primary safety concern of storage regulations is preventing unauthorized access, which could lead to accidents, suicides, or criminal use.
Which of these components is unique to a revolver action compared to a semi-automatic handgun?
Revolvers use a rotating cylinder to hold ammunition and align it with the barrel.
The minimum age for an adult PAL in Canada is:
Applicants must be at least 18 years old for a full (adult) PAL. A Minor's Licence is available for those aged 12–17 under specific conditions.
An Authorization to Transport (ATT) for restricted firearms is required when moving between which of the fo…
While several locations are covered as conditions on an RPAL (like ranges), an ATT (physical or linked to license) is required for moves to gunsmiths, shows, or
When an executor is holding firearms for an estate, they must ensure the firearms are:
Even though an executor has a temporary exemption for possession, they must still comply with all storage and transport safety laws.
The 'receiver' of a firearm is the part that:
The receiver (or frame) is the central part of the firearm that holds the action components.
What happens if a PAL holder's license expires and they still possess firearms?
Possessing a firearm without a valid license is a criminal offence. While there is a grace period for non-restricted renewal, possession after final expiration
What is the primary purpose of regular firearm maintenance?
Cleaning and maintenance prevent corrosion and ensure the action and safety mechanisms function reliably.
What is the consequence of trying to fire a 20-gauge shell in a 12-gauge shotgun?
A 20-gauge shell can slip past the chamber of a 12-gauge and lodge in the barrel, causing a catastrophic burst if a 12-gauge shell is fired behind it.
Which component of a firearm's action strikes the primer to ignite the powder?
The firing pin makes mechanical contact with the primer to initiate the shot.
If you sell a firearm and it is lost in the mail by the courier, who must report the loss?
Both the sender and intended recipient should coordinate with the CFO/Police when a firearm goes missing during transport to ensure it is documented.
To pass the CFSC or CRFSC written exam, what is the minimum required score?
Students must achieve a minimum of 80% on both the written and practical examinations.
If you are cleaning a semi-automatic firearm, you should pay special attention to:
Semi-automatics rely on gas or recoil energy; carbon buildup in these systems can cause the firearm to fail to cycle correctly.
When a restricted firearm is reported stolen, its status is updated in which system?
Stolen firearms are entered into CPIC to alert law enforcement officers across the country.
When cleaning a semi-automatic handgun, why is it critical to 'Remove all ammunition' (the 'R' in PROVE) be…
If you open the action (O) before removing the magazine (R), you might eject one round but immediately chamber another.
When checking a revolver to ensure it is unloaded (PROVE), you must:
The 'V' (Verify) in PROVE for a revolver requires opening the cylinder to inspect all chambers.
Under current Canadian regulations, a handgun with a barrel length of exactly 106 mm is generally classifie…
Handguns with barrel lengths greater than 105 mm are classified as restricted. Those equal to or less than 105 mm are classified as prohibited.
What is the correct way to check if a muzzleloader is loaded before you begin handling it?
You should never look down the muzzle or blow into it. Using a ramrod with known depth markings is the safest way to verify if a charge is presence.
Which document must accompany you when transporting a restricted firearm to a range?
A person must carry the registration certificate for the restricted firearm while they are in possession of it at a location other than where it is usually stor
A business must confirm the validity of a transferee’s licence with the Registrar for which type of firearm…
Licence verification with the Registrar is required for the transfer of all classes of firearms.
An Authorization to Carry (ATC) is typically granted for which restricted firearm purpose?
ATCs are extremely rare and generally only issued for professional purposes (security) or exceptionally high-risk life protection.
If an individual changes employers but still performs the same high-risk job, what happens to their employm…
Employment-based ATCs are specific to the employer; a change in employment requires a new application.
If you are storing a non-restricted firearm in a remote wilderness cabin, you must:
Storage regulations for firearms apply to any place they are kept, including temporary residences like cabins or seasonal camps.
While on a hunting trip and staying in a temporary camp/tent, how must a non-restricted firearm be stored w…
In a temporary storage situation like a tent or camp, the firearm must be unloaded and rendered inoperable by a secure locking device.
Why is it important to ensure a trigger lock fits snugly against the trigger guard?
A loose trigger lock might allow enough space for a finger or tool to move the trigger, defeating its safety purpose.
Which of the following is characteristic of a 'Prohibited' firearm classification?
Firearms converted from automatic to semi-automatic remain in the prohibited class regardless of barrel length.
When a minor is being supervised by an adult at a range, how many firearms may be in use?
For supervision to be 'direct and immediate,' the adult should focus on one person and one firearm to ensure safety can be maintained at all times.
What does the term 'positive identification' of a target mean?
Positive identification requires seeing the whole animal clearly to ensure it is legal game and that the background is safe for a shot.
A 'replica' firearm that is not an antique and closely resembles an existing firearm is classified as:
Replica firearms are classified as prohibited devices.
Which document must accompany a restricted firearm at all times during transport?
You must be able to produce the Registration Certificate for any restricted or prohibited firearm you are transporting.
Under what condition may you lend a non-restricted firearm to a person who does not have a PAL?
A person without a PAL may use a firearm if they are under the direct and immediate supervision of a person who is legally allowed to possess that firearm.
What is the best practice for maintaining a wooden stock?
Wood should be protected from moisture and drying out with appropriate oils, while chemical solvents should be kept away from wood as they can soften it.
Cable locks are often used as an alternative to trigger locks because they can:
Cable locks are versatile; they can run through the action to prevent it from closing, can thread through multiple guns, or be used to tether a gun to a fixed o
Before firing, the shooter must ensure the ammunition is:
Always match the cartridge/shell to the caliber/gauge stamped on the firearm. Wrong ammo can cause catastrophic failure.
If you find a firearm while cleaning out a deceased relative's attic that was never registered (and it is a…
The executor or person in possession should contact the CFO or CFP to ensure they follow the legal process for registration or disposal without facing criminal
Which of the following is true regarding a Minor's License in Canada?
A Minor's License allows the possession and use of non-restricted firearms for purposes like hunting or target practice, but does not allow the minor to buy fir
If a firearm is lost or stolen, who is the owner required by law to notify immediately?
According to the Firearms Act, a person must report the loss or theft of a firearm to the local police and the Chief Firearms Officer (CFO) without delay.
What is the rule regarding firearms and alcohol/drugs while hunting?
Alcohol and drugs impair judgment and physical coordination, making firearm use extremely hazardous.
Over-lubricating a firearm's action can lead to which of the following problems?
Excessive oil or grease attracts dust, unburnt powder, and grit, which can gum up moving parts and cause malfunctions.
What safety equipment should always be worn when clearing a malfunction?
Eye protection is critical during malfunctions in case of a hangfire or gas blowback, and hearing protection is mandatory any time shots could be fired.
A handgun chambered in .25 or .32 calibre is legally classified as:
Specify calibres including .25 and .32 are classified as prohibited by the Criminal Code, with some exceptions for international sporting competitions.
A 'prohibited device' includes any magazine that exceeds the prescribed capacity. Who is legally allowed to…
Possession of an over-capacity magazine by a standard license holder is a criminal offense.
Which of the following is a primary reason a 'trapper' might be issued an ATC?
Licensed trappers working in remote areas may be eligible for an ATC to protect themselves from predators while working.
What is the primary concern when selecting ammunition for a firearm before a trip?
Always match the caliber as stamped on the barrel with the caliber stamped on the base (headstamp) of the ammunition to ensure safety.
What is the maximum number of restricted firearms a person can transport at one time with a single ATT (Aut…
An individual can transport multiple restricted firearms that they are authorized to possess, provided all are properly unloaded, locked, and encased.
Which of these is NOT a valid reason for a minor to have a licence in Canada?
Self-defense is not a recognized reason for obtaining a firearms licence (minor or adult) in Canada.
A 'squib load' refers to:
A squib load is an under-powered round that may leave a projectile stuck in the barrel — stop shooting and inspect the bore before firing again.
When storing ammunition for a non-restricted firearm, it is legally permitted to be in the same locked cont…
Ammunition can be stored with a non-restricted firearm if the firearm is trigger-locked AND in a locked container, or if the container is a secure safe/room (th
Why should you avoid using heavy grease on a firearm's internal parts in extremely cold weather?
In cold climates, heavy lubricants can thicken or freeze, leading to light primer strikes or complete failure to fire.
Are muzzleloading rifles generally considered 'firearms' under the Firearms Act for the purpose of licensing?
Most modern muzzleloaders are firearms under the law and require a valid Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL).
Where should you look to find the official caliber or gauge designation of a firearm?
The manufacturer stamps the data stamp (caliber or gauge) on the barrel or receiver.
In a shotgun shell, what is the purpose of the 'wad'?
The wad acts as a gas seal and separates the powder from the shot/slug.
Shotgun shell length (e.g., 2 3/4 inches) refers to the length of the shell:
Shotgun shell length is measured by the fired (empty/open) length of the case.
Can a minor borrow a restricted firearm under their Minor's Licence?
A Minor's Licence generally only permits the possession/borrowing of non-restricted firearms. Even with a competitive endorsement, restricted use typically requ
Which of these is the most common cause of a squib load?
Squib loads are usually caused by a failure in the powder charge (missing, damp, or insufficient quantity).
When storing ammunition at home, the law requires that for Non-Restricted firearms:
Ammunition must not be 'readily accessible' to the stored firearm unless the firearm and ammunition are both stored in a secure container or room.
A PAL is required to possess which of the following?
In Canada, a valid PAL is required both to possess/acquire firearms and to acquire/possess ammunition.
While transporting a restricted firearm, you stop to eat at a restaurant. What must you do?
In an unattended vehicle, firearms must be in a locked trunk or locked compartment. If the vehicle has no trunk, they must be out of sight and the vehicle locke
What is the purpose of a 'chamber flag' (OBI - Open Bore Indicator)?
Chamber flags are used at many ranges to show at a glance that the firearm is unloaded and safe.
A Minor's Licence typically expires on what date?
Minor's Licences expire when the holder turns 18, at which point they must apply for an adult Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL).
The 'Authorization to Transport' (ATT) for a restricted firearm allows travel to which location without add…
The ATT is generally issued for transport to and from approved ranges, gun shops, or border crossings.
When clearing any malfunction, what is the very first rule you must follow?
The 'A' in ACTS (Assume every firearm is loaded) dictates that you must Control the muzzle direction at all times, especially during malfunctions.
Which part of a cartridge contains the propellant?
A cartridge consists of: case (holds the powder), primer, propellant (powder), and projectile (bullet/shot).
After completing the CFSC tests with at least 80%, the next step toward a PAL is:
Passing the CFSC (and CRFSC, if applying for restricted) qualifies you to submit a PAL/RPAL application to the RCMP's Canadian Firearms Program.
What is the primer's job?
When the firing pin strikes the primer it produces a flame that ignites the propellant powder.
Centre-fire cartridges differ from rim-fire because:
Centre-fire cartridges have a primer in the centre of the case head; rim-fire cartridges have the priming compound spun into the rim.
Which is a rim-fire cartridge?
.22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) is the most common rim-fire cartridge.
A shotgun shell typically contains:
Shotgun shells contain primer, powder, wad, and either multiple pellets (shot) or a single slug.
Choke in a shotgun refers to:
Choke is a constriction at or near the muzzle that controls how tightly the shot pattern spreads.
A bolt-action rifle is operated by:
Bolt actions are operated manually by rotating and pulling the bolt to extract a fired case and chamber a new round.
A semi-automatic firearm:
Semi-automatics fire one round per trigger pull and use the energy of firing to chamber the next round.
What licence do you need in Canada to legally acquire and possess a non-restricted firearm?
A valid Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) issued under the Firearms Act is required to acquire and possess firearms in Canada.
An Authorization to Transport (ATT) is required for:
An ATT (now often general/standing) authorizes transport of restricted/prohibited firearms — for example to an approved range, gunsmith, or border.
It is illegal to point a firearm — loaded or not — at another person except in:
Section 87 of the Criminal Code makes pointing a firearm at another person an offence, with very limited lawful exceptions.
Careless use of a firearm is:
Careless use, storage, handling or transportation of a firearm is a Criminal Code offence whether or not injury results.
If you lose your PAL or have your firearms stolen, you must:
Lost, stolen or destroyed firearms — and a lost licence — must be reported to police/CFO without delay.
When you change your address, you must notify the Canadian Firearms Program within:
A PAL holder must notify the CFP of an address change within 30 days.
Discharging a firearm is generally prohibited:
Provincial regulations and the Criminal Code prohibit discharging a firearm where it endangers people, livestock or property — including roadways and near build
Selling a firearm privately in Canada requires:
A seller must confirm the buyer has the appropriate valid PAL/RPAL; for restricted/prohibited firearms, the transfer must be authorized by the Registrar.
A firearm manufactured before 1898 that uses obsolete ammunition may be classed as:
Genuine antiques can be exempt from certain registration/licensing requirements, but storage and safe handling rules still apply.
A minor's licence allows the holder to:
A Minor's Licence (ages 12–17) does not allow purchase, but allows borrowing a non-restricted firearm for approved activities.
Trespassing on private land to hunt is:
You must have the landowner's permission to hunt or shoot on private land — trespass laws apply.
Which course must you pass to apply for a non-restricted PAL?
You must successfully complete the CFSC (written and practical tests, each 80%) to apply for the non-restricted PAL.
Your PAL is generally valid for:
A standard Possession and Acquisition Licence is valid for five years; you must renew before it expires.
What is the mandatory minimum 'waiting period' for a first-time PAL application after it is received by the…
The Firearms Act mandates a 28-day waiting period for first-time applicants before a license can be issued.
Which course is additionally required for a restricted (RPAL) endorsement?
The CRFSC is required in addition to the CFSC for the restricted (RPAL) endorsement.
Which of these is generally classified as a 'non-restricted' firearm in Canada?
Most ordinary hunting rifles and shotguns are classified as non-restricted; handguns are restricted, and automatic firearms are prohibited.
Handguns in Canada are generally classified as:
Most handguns are restricted; certain handguns (e.g., barrel ≤ 105 mm or .25/.32 calibre) are prohibited.
A handgun with a barrel length of 105 mm or less is classified as:
Handguns with a barrel ≤105 mm, or that discharge .25 or .32 calibre, are classified as prohibited firearms.
A fully automatic firearm in Canada is:
Fully automatic firearms — and firearms converted from full-auto — are classified as prohibited.
Lending a non-restricted firearm to another person is permitted if:
You may only lend a firearm to someone who holds a valid licence for that class of firearm.
What does the 'A' in the four ACTS firearm safety rules stand for?
ACTS = Assume every firearm is loaded; Control the muzzle direction; Trigger finger off and out of the trigger guard; See that the firearm is unloaded — PROVE i
What is a hangfire?
A hangfire is a delay between the trigger being pulled and the cartridge actually firing — keep the muzzle pointed safely until you're certain it won't fire.
Alcohol, prescription drugs, or fatigue and firearms:
Never handle firearms while impaired by alcohol, drugs, medication, fatigue or strong emotion.
When storing a non-restricted rifle at home, what is a legal requirement if the firearm is NOT in a locked …
According to the Storage, Display, Transportation and Handling of Firearms by Individuals Regulations, a non-restricted firearm must be either rendered inoperab
At what point does a 'firearm' (like an air rifle) manufactured after 1898 NOT require a PAL in Canada?
Under the Firearms Act, air guns below both the 500 fps and 5.7 joules threshold are not considered firearms for licensing purposes.
A '.30-06 Springfield' is an example of:
The .30-06 Springfield is a very common centrefire rifle cartridge.
Which factor most limits a hunter's 'Zone of Fire' in a thick forest?
In thick brush, visibility is heavily reduced, meaning the safe zone where a hunter can be sure of their target and backstop becomes much narrower.
Which of the following is NOT required to purchase a crossbow that requires two hands to fire?
Standard two-handed crossbows do not require a PAL for acquisition or possession in Canada.
An air rifle with a muzzle velocity exceeding 152.4 meters per second (500 fps) AND a muzzle energy exceedi…
Air rifles exceeding both the 500 fps velocity and 5.7 joules energy thresholds are legally considered firearms and require a PAL to possess.
What should you do with ammunition that has been submerged in water or heavily corroded?
Corroded or water-damaged ammunition is unreliable and dangerous; it must be disposed of correctly.
What is the maximum penalty for 'failing to report a lost or stolen firearm' under the Criminal Code?
Failing to report is an indictable offence that carries a maximum penalty of five years imprisonment.
The 'O' in PROVE stands for 'Open the action'. For a lever-action rifle, this is done by:
Operating the lever cycles the action; it must be fully open to inspect the chamber and feed path.
How soon must a lost or stolen firearm be reported after the discovery of the loss?
The law requires that reporting happen immediately as soon as the owner becomes aware that the firearm is missing.
What is the magazine capacity limit for a semi-automatic shotgun designed to fire centrefire shotshells?
Like semi-automatic centrefire rifles, semi-automatic shotguns are limited to a magazine capacity of 5 rounds of the shell size for which the magazine was desig
Which of the following is a legal requirement for displaying a restricted firearm in a private home?
Displaying restricted firearms requires them to be unloaded, trigger-locked, and securely attached to a wall or permanent structure.
You are cleaning a firearm and need to look down the bore to check for residue. Which PROVE step must be co…
You must Verify the feed path (V) and ensure the chamber is empty before you can safely Examine the bore (E).
What is the consequence of failing to report the loss or theft of a firearm to the police and Chief Firearm…
Failure to report the loss or theft of a firearm is a criminal offence under Section 105 of the Criminal Code.
According to the Firearms Act, a crossbow that can be aimed and fired with one hand is classified as:
Crossbows that are designed to be aimed and fired with one hand (pistol-type crossbows) are specifically classified as prohibited in Canada.
A firearm that is capable of discharging a projectile by means of a coiled spring, compressed air or gas, b…
Air bolts/pellet guns with a muzzle velocity below 152.4 m/s (500 fps) and a muzzle energy below 5.7 Joules are not considered 'firearms' for licensing or regis
If you are flying within Canada with a restricted firearm, the airline and federal regulations require:
Aviation security and firearms regulations require declaration, unloading, and secure locking in a sturdy case for transport in the cargo hold.
A trigger lock is primarily designed to:
A trigger lock is a secure locking device designed to prevent the firearm from being fired by blocking access to the trigger or preventing its movement.
Tampering with or removing the serial number of a firearm is:
Under the Criminal Code, it is an offence to possess a firearm knowing the serial number has been altered or removed.
According to the CFSC manual, what is the best way to signal your presence to other hunters if you see them?
Vocal communication is the safest way to ensure other hunters know exactly where you are and that you are human.
When should you put your finger on the trigger while hunting?
Per the ACTS rules, the finger must remain off the trigger and outside the trigger guard until you have identified your target and are ready to fire.
What is the legal requirement for a PAL holder wishing to transport firearms across a provincial border wit…
For restricted firearms, you must have an ATT and notify the CFO of the destination province if moving permanently or for specific events not covered by existin
What is the primary difference between a Single Action (SA) and Double Action (DA) revolver?
In a single action, the trigger performs only one function: releasing the hammer. The hammer must be manually cocked first.
A firearm that is designed to be fired by the energy of the explosive in a cartridge and is capable of firi…
An automatic firearm continues to fire projectiles as long as the trigger is held down (until ammunition is exhausted).
What is the primary purpose of a hunter's 'Zone of Fire'?
A Zone of Fire is the area in which a hunter can safely shoot without endangering others in their group; it is typically about 45 degrees in front of each hunte
Which of these is a valid reason to transport a restricted firearm under a standard ATT?
Authorized activities include transport to/from ranges, gun shows, gunsmiths, and points of exit/entry (borders).
When using a 'break-action' shotgun, how is the 'V' in PROVE (Verify feed path) usually accomplished?
In a break-action firearm, the chambers are the feed path; opening the action allows you to see if they are empty.
When transporting a restricted firearm for the purpose of moving to a new residence, the owner must:
Moving residence requires a specific Authorization to Transport (ATT) from the Chief Firearms Officer (CFO).
When storing a muzzleloader, it should be:
Muzzleloaders are subject to the same storage laws as other non-restricted firearms; they must be unloaded and locked.
If you are transporting a non-restricted rifle in a remote area in an open truck bed (e.g., an ATV or pick-…
The firearm must still be unloaded. In an open area, securing it in a locked case or with a locking device is required to prevent unauthorized access and ensure
If a person is 18 years old and holds a valid PAL, can they supervise a 10-year-old using a firearm?
An 18-year-old PAL holder is a licensed adult and can legally provide the necessary direct and immediate supervision to an unlicensed person (including a child)
In a dwelling where a minor resides, a firearm owner should take what extra precaution when choosing a loca…
Basic safety principles dictate that keys for trigger locks or gun cabinets should be kept in a secure place where unauthorized persons, especially children, ca
A restricted firearm MUST be unloaded during storage. In this context, 'unloaded' means:
Unloaded means no live ammunition in the action or in a magazine that is attached to the firearm.
If you pull the trigger and hear a 'click' but nothing else happens, you have likely experienced a:
A 'click' with no ignition is the classic sign of a misfire (or an empty chamber).
Which of the following can lead to a PAL application being refused?
A history of violence or threats is a primary safety criteria used by the CFO to determine if an individual is a risk to themselves or others.
What is the danger of 'buck fever' (target fever)?
Target fever or buck fever can impair judgment, causing a hunter to fire impulsively at movement or sounds instead of confirmed targets.
Under Canadian law, a muzzleloading handgun (not a reproduction of an antique) is typically classified as:
Most modern muzzleloading handguns are classified as restricted firearms in Canada, requiring an RPAL.
When a range is 'cold', which of the following is strictly prohibited?
When the range is cold and people are downrange, firearms must be left on the bench; they should never be handled, even for cleaning or casing.
The 'Authorization to Transport' (ATT) for restricted firearms is primarily issued by:
The CFO is responsible for issuing ATTs for restricted and prohibited firearms.
In addition to a firearm, what else must be reported if stolen according to the Firearms Act?
The loss or theft of a registration certificate for a restricted or prohibited firearm must also be reported.
In a bolt-action firearm, which component is primarily responsible for stripping a fresh cartridge from the…
As the bolt is pushed forward, the bolt face moves the cartridge from the magazine into the chamber.
When a business sells a non-restricted firearm to an individual, what information must the business record …
Businesses are now required to keep records of non-restricted firearm transfers, including licence verification and firearm details.
Can you use a soft-sided zippered gun rug as the only container for transporting a restricted firearm?
While many people use hard cases, the law requires the container to be opaque and of such strength that it cannot be readily broken into. A soft case might be r
Which of these is NOT one of the three main parts of a modern firearm?
The three main parts are the action, the barrel, and the stock. The magazine and its spring are components of the action/feeding system.
Which action type uses a sliding fore-end to cycle the action?
Pump-action (slide-action) firearms cycle by sliding the fore-end rearward and forward.
A 'break-action' shotgun is loaded by:
Break-action firearms hinge open to expose the chamber for direct loading and unloading.
The 'bore' of a firearm is:
The bore is the inside of the barrel through which the projectile travels.
Rifling refers to:
Rifling consists of spiral grooves in the bore that impart spin to the projectile, stabilizing it in flight.
Caliber (calibre) of a rifle generally refers to:
Calibre is the diameter of the bore (and matching projectile), expressed in inches (e.g., .308) or millimetres (e.g., 9 mm).
The gauge of a shotgun (e.g., 12-gauge) is determined by:
Shotgun gauge is the number of solid lead balls of bore diameter that together weigh one pound — so a smaller number means a larger bore.
.410 shotgun is described by calibre rather than gauge because:
The .410 is uniquely named by its bore diameter in inches rather than by the gauge convention.
Cleaning a firearm should generally be done:
Clean firearms after each use; always PROVE the firearm safe first and remove ammunition from the cleaning area.
Before firing, you should always check the barrel for:
An obstructed bore can cause a catastrophic failure — always check the bore is clear before loading and shooting.
Range commands such as 'Cease fire!' mean:
On 'Cease fire!' every shooter must stop firing immediately, unload, and follow the range officer's instructions.
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