A security guard is conducting surveillance on a known shoplifting suspect. The suspect is observed concealing merchandise and attempting to leave the store without paying. When confronted, the suspect tries to push past the guard. In the context of a citizen's arrest for shoplifting, what is the crucial element for the security guard to consider regarding the use of force in this situation?

Question: A security guard is conducting surveillance on a known shoplifting suspect. The suspect is observed concealing merchandise and attempting to leave the store without paying. When confronted, the suspect tries to push past the guard. In the context of a citizen's arrest for shoplifting, what is the crucial element for the security guard to consider regarding the use of force in this situation?

Answer options:

• The guard must first issue a verbal warning that force will be used. ✅ Force used must be no more than is necessary to prevent the escape and complete the arrest.
• The guard is only permitted to use force if their own life is in danger.
• Any use of force by a security guard constitutes assault and is illegal.

Correct answer: Force used must be no more than is necessary to prevent the escape and complete the arrest.

Explanation: Under Section 25(1) of the Criminal Code, anyone authorized by law to arrest a person may use as much force as is 'necessary' for that purpose. This 'necessary force' principle applies to a citizen's arrest, meaning only the minimum force required to effect the arrest or prevent escape is justified.